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. The hygroscopic behavior of black carbon (BC)-containing particles (BCPs)has a significant impact on global and regional climate change. However, themechanism and factors controlling the hygroscopicity of BCPs from differentcarbon sources are not well understood. Here, we systematically measured theequilibrium and kinetics of water uptake by 15 different BCPs (10herb-derived BCPs, 2 wood-derived BCPs, and 3 soot-type BCPs) usinga gravimetric water vapor sorption method combined with in situ diffusereflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). In thegravimetric analysis, the sorption–desorption equilibrium isotherms weremeasured under continuous-stepwise water vapor pressure conditions, whilethe kinetics was measured at a variety of humidity levels obtained bydifferent saturated aqueous salt solutions. The equilibrium water uptake ofthe tested group of BCPs at high relative humidity ( >80  %)positively correlated to the dissolved mineral content (0.01–13.0 wt %)( R2=0.86 , P=0.0001 ), the content of the thermogravimetricallyanalyzed organic carbon (OC TGA , 4.48–15.25 wt %) ( R2=0.52 , P=0.002 ), and the content of the alkali-extracted organic carbon(OC AE , 0.14–8.39 wt %) ( R2=0.80 , P=0.0001 ). In contrast,no positive correlation was obtained with the content of total organiccarbon or elemental carbon. Among the major soluble ionic constituents,chloride and ammonium were each correlated with the equilibrium water uptakeat high relative humidity. Compared with the herbal BCPs and soot, the woodyBCPs had much lower equilibrium water uptake, especially at high relativehumidity, likely due to the very low dissolved mineral content and OCcontent. The DRIFTS analysis provided generally consistent results at lowrelative humidity. The kinetics of water uptake (measured bypseudo-second-order rate constant) correlated to the content of OC TGA and OC AE as well as the content of chloride and ammonium at lowrelative humidity (33 %) but to the porosity of BCPs at high relativehumidity (94 %). This was the first study to show that BCPs of differenttypes and sources had greatly varying hygroscopic properties.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

An investigation on hygroscopic properties of 15 black carbon (BC)-containing particles from different carbon sources: roles of organic and inorganic components