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. The regional transport of air pollutants, controlled by emissionsources and meteorological factors, results in a complex source–receptorrelationship of air pollution change. Wuhan, a metropolis in the YangtzeRiver middle basin (YRMB) of central China, experienced heavy air pollutioncharacterized by hourly PM2.5 concentrations reaching 471.1 µg m−3 in January 2016. To investigate the regional transport ofPM2.5 over central eastern China (CEC) and the meteorological impact onwintertime air pollution in the YRMB area, observed meteorological and otherrelevant environmental data from January 2016 were analyzed. Our analysispresented noteworthy cases of heavy PM2.5 pollution in the YRMB areawith unique “non-stagnant” meteorological conditions of strong northerlywinds, no temperature inversion, and additional unstable structures in theatmospheric boundary layer. This unique set of conditions differed from thestagnant meteorological conditions characterized by near-surface weak winds,air temperature inversion, and stable structure in the boundary layer thatare typically observed in heavy air pollution over most regions in China.The regional transport of PM2.5 over CEC aggravated PM2.5 levels,thus creating heavy air pollution in the YRMB area. This demonstrates asource–receptor relationship between the originating air pollution regionsin CEC and the receiving YRMB region. Furthermore, a backward trajectorysimulation using a Flexible Particle dispersion (FLEXPART) Weather Research andForecasting (WRF) model to integrate the air pollutantemission inventory over China was used to explore the patterns of regionaltransport of PM2.5 governed by the strong northerly winds in the coldair activity of the East Asian winter monsoon season. It was estimated thatthe regional transport of PM2.5 from non-local air pollutant emissionscontributes more than 65 % of the PM2.5 concentrations to the heavyair pollution in the YRMB region during the study period, revealing theimportance of the regional transport of air pollutants over China as acausative factor of heavy air pollution over the YRMB area.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Heavy air pollution with a unique “non-stagnant” atmospheric boundary layer in the Yangtze River middle basin aggravated by regional transport of PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2.5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; over China