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. The urban heat island intensity (UHII) is the temperature difference betweenurban areas and their rural surroundings. It is commonly attributed tochanges in the underlying surface structure caused by urbanization. Airpollution caused by aerosol particles can affect the UHII through changing(1) the surface energy balance by the aerosol radiative effect (ARE) and (2) planetary-boundary-layer (PBL)stability and airflow intensity by modifying thermodynamic structure, whichis referred to as the aerosol dynamic effect (ADE). By analyzing satellite dataand ground-based observations collected from 2001 to 2010 at 35 cities inChina and using the WRF-Chem model, we find that the impact of aerosols onUHII differs considerably: reducing the UHII in summer but increasing theUHII in winter. This seasonal contrast is proposed to be caused by thedifferent strengths of the ARE and ADE between summer and winter. In summer,the ARE on UHII is dominant over the ADE, cooling down surface temperaturemore strongly in urban areas than in rural areas because of much higheraerosol loading, and offsets the urban heating, therefore weakening UHII. Inwinter, however, the ADE is more dominant, because aerosols stabilize thePBL more in the polluted condition, weakening the near-surface heattransport over urban areas in both vertical and horizontal directions. Thismeans that the heat accumulated in urban areas is dispersed less effectively,and thus the UHII is enhanced. These findings shed new light on the impactof the interaction between urbanization-induced surface changes and airpollution on urban climate.

The mechanisms and seasonal differences of the impact of aerosols on daytime surface urban heat island effect