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. Atmospheric particle size distributions were measured inPaphos, Cyprus, during the A-LIFE (absorbing aerosol layers in achanging climate: ageing, lifetime and dynamics) field experimentfrom 3 to 30 April 2017. The newly developed differentialmobility analyser train (DMA-train) was deployed for thefirst time in an atmospheric environment for the direct measurement of thenucleation mode size range between 1.8 and 10 nm diameter. The DMA-trainset-up consists of seven size channels, of which five are set to fixedparticle mobility diameters and two additional diameters are obtained byalternating voltage settings in one DMA every 10 s. In combination with aconventional mobility particle size spectrometer (MPSS) and an aerodynamicparticle sizer (APS) the complete atmospheric aerosol size distribution from1.8 nm to 10 µm was covered. The focus of the A-LIFE study was tocharacterize new particle formation (NPF) in the eastern Mediterraneanregion at a measurement site with strong local pollution sources. The nearbyPaphos airport was found to be a large emission source for nucleation modeparticles, and we analysed the size distribution of the airport emissionplumes at approximately 500 m from the main runway. The analysis yielded nineNPF events in 27 measurement days from the combined analysis of theDMA-train, MPSS and trace gas monitors. Growth rate calculations wereperformed, and a size dependency of the initial growth rate (&lt;10 nm)was observed for one event case. Fast changes of the sub-10 nm sizedistribution on a timescale of a few minutes were captured by theDMA-train measurement during early particle growth and are discussed in asecond event case. In two cases, particle formation and growth were detectedin the nucleation mode size range which did not exceed the 10 nm threshold.This finding implies that NPF likely occurs more frequently than estimatedfrom studies where the lower nanometre size regime is not covered by thesize distribution measurements.

New particle formation and sub-10 nm size distribution measurements during the A-LIFE field experiment in Paphos, Cyprus