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. The paper introduces the first TROPOMI-based sulfur dioxide ( SO2 )emissions estimates for point sources. A total of about 500 continuouslyemitting point sources releasing about 10 kt yr −1 to more than 2000 kt yr −1 of SO2 , previously identified from OzoneMonitoring Instrument (OMI) observations, were analyzed using TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument)measurements for 1 full year from April 2018 to March 2019. The annualemissions from these sources were estimated and compared to similarestimates from OMI and Ozone Mapping Profiling Suite (OMPS) measurements.Note that emissions from many of these 500 sources have declined significantlysince 2005, making their quantification more challenging. We were able toidentify 274 sources where annual emissions are significant and can bereliably estimated from TROPOMI. The standard deviations of TROPOMI verticalcolumn density data, about 1 Dobson unit (DU, where 1 DU  = 2.69 × 10 16  molecules cm −2 ) over the tropics and 1.5 DU over highlatitudes, are larger than those of OMI (0.6–1 DU) and OMPS (0.3–0.4 DU). Dueto its very high spatial resolution, TROPOMI produces 12–20 times moreobservations over a certain area than OMI and 96 times more than OMPS.Despite higher uncertainties of individual TROPOMI observations, TROPOMIdata averaged over a large area have roughly 2–3 times loweruncertainties compared to OMI and OMPS data. Similarly, TROPOMI annualemissions can be estimated with uncertainties that are 1.5–2 times lowerthan the uncertainties of annual emissions estimates from OMI. While thereare area biases in TROPOMI data over some regions that have to be removedfrom emission calculations, the absolute magnitude of these are modest,typically within ±0.25  DU, which can be comparable with SO2 valuesover large sources.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Anthropogenic and volcanic point source SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions derived from TROPOMI on board Sentinel-5 Precursor: first results