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. To investigate the characteristics of particulatemethanesulfonic acid (MSA (p) ), non-sea-salt sulfate(nss SO 4 2 - ) and organic carbon (OC) aerosols, aerosol and seawatersamples were collected over the Southern Ocean (43–70 ∘  S) and the Amundsen Sea (70–75 ∘  S) during the ANA06B cruise conducted in the austral summer of 2016 aboardthe Korean icebreaker IBR/V Araon. Over the Southern Ocean, the atmosphericMSA (p) concentration was low ( 0.10±0.002 µ g m −3 ),whereas its concentration increased sharply up to 0.57  µ g m −3 inthe Amundsen Sea where Phaeocystis antarctica (P. antarctica), a producer of dimethylsulfide (DMS), was thedominant phytoplankton species. Unlike MSA (p) , the mean nss SO 4 2 - concentration in the Amundsen Sea was comparable to that in the SouthernOcean. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations over the SouthernOcean and the Amundsen Sea varied from 0.048 to 0.16 and0.070 to 0.18  µ gC m −3 , with averages of 0.087±0.038 and 0.097±0.038 µ gC m −3 ,respectively. For water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC), its meanconcentrations over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea were 0.25±0.13 and 0.26±0.10 µ gC m −3 ,varying from 0.083 to 0.49 and 0.12 to 0.38  µ gC m −3 , respectively. WIOC was the dominant organic carbon species in boththe Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea, accounting for 73 %–75 % of the totalaerosol organic carbon. WSOC / Na + and WIOC / Na + ratios in the fine-mode aerosol particles were higher, especially in the Amundsen Sea wherebiological productivity was much higher than the Southern Ocean. Thefluorescence properties of water-soluble organic aerosols investigated usinga fluorescence excitation–emission matrix coupled with parallel factoranalysis (EEM–PARAFAC) revealed that protein-like components were dominantin our marine aerosol samples, representing 69 %–91 % of the totalintensity. Protein-like components also showed a significant positiverelationship with the relative biomass of diatoms; however, they werenegatively correlated with the relative biomass of P. antarctica. These results suggestthat the protein-like component is most likely produced as a result ofbiological processes of diatoms in the Amundsen Sea.

Characteristics of methanesulfonic acid, non-sea-salt sulfate and organic carbon aerosols over the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica