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. In order to examine O2 consumption and CO2emission in a megacity, continuous observations of atmospheric O2 andCO2 concentrations, along with CO2 flux, have been carried outsimultaneously since March 2016 at the Yoyogi (YYG) site located in themiddle of Tokyo, Japan. An average O2 : CO2 exchange ratio for netturbulent O2 and CO2 fluxes (ORF) between the urban area andthe overlaying atmosphere was obtained based on an aerodynamic method usingthe observed O2 and CO2 concentrations. The yearly mean ORFwas found to be 1.62, falling within the range of the average OR values ofliquid and gas fuels, and the annual average daily mean O2 flux at YYGwas estimated to be −16.3 µmol m−2 s−1 based on the ORFand CO2 flux. By using the observed ORF and CO2 flux, alongwith the inventory-based CO2 emission from human respiration, weestimated the average diurnal cycles of CO2 fluxes from gas and liquidfuel consumption separately for each season. Both the estimated andinventory-based CO2 fluxes from gas fuel consumption showed averagediurnal cycles with two peaks, one in the morning and another one in theevening; however, the evening peak of the inventory-based gas consumptionwas much larger than that estimated from the CO2 flux. This can explainthe discrepancy between the observed and inventory-based total CO2fluxes at YYG. Therefore, simultaneous observations of ORF and CO2flux are useful in validating CO2 emission inventories from statisticaldata.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; : CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; exchange ratio for net turbulent flux observed in an urban area of Tokyo, Japan, and its application to an evaluation of anthropogenic CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions