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. Aerosol and cloud properties over southern China duringthe 10-year period 2006–2015 are analysed based on observations from passiveand active satellite sensors and emission data. The results show a strongdecrease in aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the study area, accompanied byan increase in liquid cloud cover and cloud liquid water path (LWP). Themost significant changes occurred mainly in late autumn and early winter: AOD decreased by about 35 %, coinciding with an increase in liquidcloud fraction by 40 % and a near doubling of LWP in November andDecember. Analysis of emissions suggests that decreases in carbonaceousaerosol emissions from biomass burning activities were responsible for partof the AOD decrease, while inventories of other, anthropogenic emissionsmainly showed increases. Analysis of precipitation changes suggests that anincrease in precipitation also contributed to the overall aerosol reduction.Possible explanatory mechanisms for these changes were examined, includingchanges in circulation patterns and aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs). Furtheranalysis of changes in aerosol vertical profiles demonstrates a consistencyof the observed aerosol and cloud changes with the aerosol semi-directeffect, which depends on relative heights of the aerosol and cloud layers: fewer absorbing aerosols inthe cloud layer would lead to an overall decrease in the evaporation of clouddroplets, thus increasing cloud LWP and cover. While this mechanism cannotbe proven based on the present observation-based analysis, these are indeedthe signs of the reported changes.

Satellite observations of aerosols and clouds over southern China from 2006 to 2015: analysis of changes and possible interaction mechanisms