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. Vertical structures of aerosol single scattering albedo(SSA), from near the surface through the free troposphere, have beenestimated for the first time at distinct geographical locations over theIndian mainland and adjoining oceans, using in situ measurements of aerosolscattering and absorption coefficients aboard the Facility for AirborneAtmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraftduring the South West Asian Aerosol Monsoon Interactions (SWAAMI) campaignfrom June to July 2016. These are used to examine the spatial variation ofSSA profiles and also to characterize its transformation from just prior tothe onset of Indian Summer Monsoon (June 2016) to its active phase (July2016). Very strong aerosol absorption, with SSA values as low as 0.7,persisted in the lower altitudes (&lt;3 km) over the Indo-GangeticPlains (IGP), prior to the monsoon onset, with a west-to-east gradient;lower values occurred in the north-western arid regions, peaking in thecentral IGP and somewhat decreasing towards the eastern end. During theactive phase of the monsoon, the SSA is found to increase remarkably,indicating far less absorption. Nevertheless, significant aerosol absorptionpersisted in the lower and middle troposphere over the IGP. Inputting theseSSA and extinction profiles into a radiative transfer model, we examined theeffects of using height-resolved information in estimating atmosphericheating rates due to aerosols, over similar estimates made using a singlecolumnar value. It was noted that use of a single SSA value leads to anunderestimation (overestimation) of the heating rates over regions with low(high) SSA, emphasizing the importance of height-resolved information.Further, the use of realistic profiles showed significant heating of theatmosphere by submicron aerosol absorption at the middle troposphere, whichmay have strong implications for clouds and climate.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Vertical profiles of submicron aerosol single scattering albedo over the Indian region immediately before monsoon onset and during its development: research from the SWAAMI field campaign