English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. This study presents a statistical analysis of the properties of ice hydrometeors in tropicalmesoscale convective systems observed during four different aircraft campaigns. Among theinstruments on board the aircraft, we focus on the synergy of a 94 GHz cloud radar andtwo optical array probes (OAP; measuring hydrometeor sizes from 10 µm to about1 cm). For two campaigns, an accurate simultaneous measurement of the ice water content isavailable, while for the two others, ice water content is retrieved from the synergy of the radarreflectivity measurements and hydrometeor size and morphological retrievals from OAP probes. Thestatistics of ice hydrometeor properties are calculated as a function of radar reflectivity factormeasurement percentiles and temperature. Hence, mesoscale convective systems (MCS) microphysicalproperties (ice water content, visible extinction, mass–size relationship coefficients, totalconcentrations, and second and third moments of hydrometeor size distribution) are sorted intemperature (and thus altitude) zones, and each individual campaign is subsequently analyzed withrespect to median microphysical properties of the merged dataset (merging all four campaigndatasets). The study demonstrates that ice water content (IWC), visible extinction, total crystalconcentration, and the second and third moments of hydrometeor size distributions are similar in allfour types of MCS for IWC larger than 0.1 g m−3. Finally, two parameterizations aredeveloped for deep convective systems. The first concerns the calculation of the visibleextinction as a function of temperature and ice water content. The second concerns thecalculation of hydrometeor size distributions as a function of ice water content and temperaturethat can be used in numerical weather prediction.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Statistical analysis of ice microphysical properties in tropical mesoscale convective systems derived from cloud radar and in situ microphysical observations