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. In vegetation canopies with complex architectures,diffuse solar radiation can enhance carbon assimilation throughphotosynthesis because isotropic light is able to reach deeper layers of thecanopy. Although this effect has been studied in the past decade, themechanisms and impacts of this enhancement over South America remain poorlyunderstood. Over the Amazon deforestation arch large amounts of aerosols arereleased into the atmosphere due to biomass burning, which provides an idealscenario for further investigation of this phenomenon in the presence ofcanopies with complex architecture. In this paper, the relation of aerosoloptical depth and surface fluxes of mass and energy are evaluated over threestudy sites with artificial neural networks and radiative transfer modeling.Results indicate a significant effect of the aerosol on the flux of carbondioxide between the vegetation and the atmosphere, as well as on energyexchange, including that surface fluxes are sensitive to second-orderradiative impacts of aerosols on temperature, humidity, and frictionvelocity. CO2 exchanges increased in the presence of aerosol in up to55 % in sites with complex canopy architecture. A decrease ofapproximately 12 % was observed for a site with shorter vegetation. Energyfluxes were negatively impacted by aerosols over all study sites.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Characterization of the radiative impact of aerosols on CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and energy fluxes in the Amazon deforestation arch using artificial neural networks