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. Due to proceeding climate change, some regions such as California face rising weather extremes withdry periods becoming warmer and drier, entailing the risk that wildfires and associated airpollution episodes will continue to increase. November 2018 turned into one of the most severewildfire episodes on record in California, with two particularly destructive wildfires spreadingconcurrently through the north and the south of the state. Both fires ignited at the wildland–urbaninterface, causing many civilian fatalities and forcing the total evacuation of several cities andcommunities. Here we demonstrate that the inherent carbon monoxide (CO) emissions of the wildfires andsubsequent transport can be observed from space by analysing radiance measurements of theTROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursorsatellite in the shortwave infrared spectral range. From the determined CO distribution weassess the corresponding air quality burden in major Californian cities caused by the fires anddiscuss the associated uncertainties. As a result of the prevailing wind conditions, the largestCO load during the first days of the fires is found in Sacramento and San Francisco, withcity area averages reaching boundary layer concentration anomalies of about2.5 mg CO m−3. Even the most polluted city scenes likely comply with thenational ambient air quality standards (10 mg CO m−3 with 8 h averagingtime). This finding based on dense daily recurrent satellite monitoring is consistent with isolatedground-based air quality measurements.

Severe Californian wildfires in November 2018 observed from space: the carbon monoxide perspective