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. Many general circulation models (GCMs) have difficulty simulatingArctic clouds and climate, causing substantial inter-model spread. Toaddress this issue, two Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP)simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) and SeoulNational University (SNU) Atmosphere Model version 0 (SAM0) with a unifiedconvection scheme (UNICON) are employed to identify an effective mechanismfor improving Arctic cloud and climate simulations. Over the Arctic, SAM0produced a larger cloud fraction and cloud liquid mass than CAM5, reducingthe negative Arctic cloud biases in CAM5. The analysis of cloud watercondensation rates indicates that this improvement is associated with anenhanced net condensation rate of water vapor into the liquid condensate ofArctic low-level clouds, which in turn is driven by enhanced polewardtransports of heat and moisture by the mean meridional circulation andtransient eddies. The reduced Arctic cloud biases lead to improvedsimulations of surface radiation fluxes and near-surface air temperatureover the Arctic throughout the year. The association between the enhancedpoleward transports of heat and moisture and increase in liquid clouds overthe Arctic is also evident not only in both models, but also in themulti-model analysis. Our study demonstrates that enhanced poleward heat andmoisture transport in a model can improve simulations of Arctic clouds andclimate.

Impact of poleward heat and moisture transports on Arctic clouds and climate simulation