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. Nitro-monoaromatic hydrocarbons (NMAHs), such as nitrocatechols,nitrophenols and nitrosalicylic acids, are important constituents ofatmospheric particulate matter (PM) water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) andhumic-like substances (HULIS). Nitrated and oxygenated derivatives ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs and OPAHs) are toxic and ubiquitous inthe ambient air; due to their light absorption properties, together withNMAHs, they are part of aerosol brown carbon (BrC). We investigated thewinter concentrations of these substance classes in size-resolved PM fromtwo urban sites in central and southern Europe, i.e. Mainz (MZ), Germany, andThessaloniki (TK), Greece. The total concentration of 11 NMAHs ( ∑11 NMAH concentrations) measured in PM 10 and total PM were0.51–8.38 and 12.1–72.1 ng m −3 at the MZ and TK sites, respectively, whereas ∑7 OPAHs were 47–1636 and 858–4306 pg m −3 , and ∑8 NPAHs were ≤90 and 76–578 pg m −3 , respectively. NMAHscontributed 0.4 % and 1.8 % to the HULIS mass at MZ and TK, respectively.The mass size distributions of the individual substances generally peaked inthe smallest or second smallest size fraction i.e. or 0.49–0.95  µ m. The mass median diameter (MMD) of NMAHs was 0.10 and 0.27  µ m at MZ and TK, respectively, while the MMDs ofNPAHs and OPAHs were both 0.06  µ m at MZ and 0.12 and 0.10  µ mat TK. Correlation analysis between NMAHs, NPAHs, and OPAHs from one side andWSOC, HULIS, sulfate, and potassium from the other suggested that freshbiomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel combustion emissions dominated at the TKsite, while aged air masses were predominant at the MZ site.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Composition and mass size distribution of nitrated and oxygenated aromatic compounds in ambient particulate matter from southern and central Europe – implications for the origin