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. The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the ESA Copernicus Sentinel-5satellite (S5-P) measures carbon monoxide (CO) total column concentrations asone of its primary targets. In this study, we analyze TROPOMI observationsover Mexico City in the period 14 November 2017 to 25 August 2019 by means ofcollocated CO simulations using the regional Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem) model. We draw conclusions on the emissions from different urban districtsin the region. Our WRF-Chem simulation distinguishes CO emissions from thedistricts Tula, Pachuca, Tulancingo, Toluca, Cuernavaca, Cuautla, Tlaxcala,Puebla, Mexico City, and Mexico City Arena by 10 separate tracers.For the data interpretation, we apply a source inversion approach determiningper district the mean emissions and the temporal variability, the latterregularized to reduce the propagation of the instrument noise and forward-model errors in the inversion. In this way, the TROPOMI observations are usedto evaluate the Inventario Nacional de Emisiones de Contaminantes Criterio(INEM) inventory that was adapted to the period 2017–2019 using in situground-based observations. For the Tula and Pachuca urban areas in the northof Mexico City, we obtain 0.10±0.004 and 0.09±0.005 Tg yr−1 COemissions, which exceeds significantly the INEM emissions of &lt;0.008 Tg yr−1 forboth areas. On the other hand for Mexico City, TROPOMI estimatesemissions of 0.14±0.006 Tg yr−1 CO, which is about half of the INEMemissions of 0.25 Tg yr−1, and for the adjacent district Mexico City Arenathe emissions are 0.28±0.01 Tg yr−1 according to TROPOMI observations versus0.14 Tg yr−1 as stated by the INEM inventory. Interestingly, the total emissionsof both districts are similar (0.42±0.016 Tg yr−1 TROPOMI versus 0.39 Tg yr−1adapted INEM emissions). Moreover, for both areas we found that the TROPOMIemission estimates follow a clear weekly cycle with a minimum during theweekend. This agrees well with ground-based in situ measurements from theSecretaría del Medio Ambiente (SEDEMA) and Fourier transform spectrometercolumn measurements in Mexico City that are operated by the Network for theDetection of Atmospheric Composition Change Infrared Working Group(NDACC-IRWG). Overall, our study demonstrates an approach to deploying the largenumber of TROPOMI CO data to draw conclusions on urban emissions on sub-city scalesfor metropolises like Mexico City. Moreover, for the exploitation of TROPOMICO observations our analysis indicates the clear need for further improvementsof regional models like WRF-Chem, in particular with respect to the predictionof the local wind fields.

Monitoring CO emissions of the metropolis Mexico City using TROPOMI CO observations