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Abstract. Studies of detailed chemical compositions in particles with different sizeranges emitted from ships are in serious shortage. In this study,size-segregated distributions and characteristics of particle mass, organiccarbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), 16 EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 25 n-alkanes measured aboard 12 different vessels in China are presented. The results showedthe following. (1) More than half of the total particle mass, OC, EC, PAHs andn-alkanes were concentrated in fine particles with aerodynamic diameter(Dp) &lt; 1.1 µm for most of the tested ships. The relativecontributions of OC, EC, PAH and alkanes to the size-segregated particlemass are decreasing with the increase in particle size. However, differenttypes of ships showed quite different particle-size-dependent chemicalcompositions. (2) In fine particles, the OC and EC were the dominantcomponents, while in coarse particles, OC and EC only accounted for verysmall proportions. With the increase in particle size, the OC / EC ratiosfirst decreased and then increased, having the lowest values for particlesizes between 0.43 and 1.1 µm. (3) Out of the four OC fragmentsand three EC fragments obtained in thermal–optical analysis, OC1, OC2 andOC3 were the dominant OC fragments for all the tested ships, while EC1 andEC2 were the main EC fragments for ships running on heavy fuel oil (HFO) andmarine-diesel fuel, respectively; different OC and EC fragments presenteddifferent distributions in different particle sizes. (4) The four-stroke low-powerdiesel fishing boat (4-LDF) had much higher PAH emission ratios thanthe four-stroke high-power marine-diesel vessel (4-HMV) and two-stroke high-powerheavy-fuel-oil vessel (2-HHV) in fine particles, and 2-HHV had the lowestvalues. (5) PAHs and n-alkanes showed different profile patterns fordifferent types of ships and also between different particle-size bins,which meant that the particle size should be considered when sourceapportionment is conducted. It is also noteworthy from the results in thisstudy that the smaller the particle size, the more toxic the particle was,especially for the fishing boats in China.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Size-segregated characteristics of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter in particulate matter (PM) emitted from different types of ships in China