English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic compounds in theatmosphere and have adverse effects on public health, especially through theinhalation of particulate matter (PM). At present, there is limitedunderstanding of the size distribution of particulate-bound PAHs and their healthrisks on a continental scale. In this study, we carried out a PMcampaign from October 2012 to September 2013 at 12 sampling sites simultaneously,including urban, suburban and remote sites in different regions of China.Size-segregated PAHs and typical tracers of coal combustion (picene), biomassburning (levoglucosan) and vehicle exhaust (hopanes) were measured. The annual averages of the 24 total measured PAHs ( ∑24 PAHs) and benzo[a]pyrene(BaP) carcinogenic equivalent concentration (BaP eq) ranged from 7.56 to205 ng/m 3 with a mean of 53.5 ng/m 3 and from 0.21 to 22.2 ng/m 3 with a mean of 5.02 ng/m 3 , respectively. At all the sites, ∑24 PAHs and BaP eq were dominant in the ultrafine particleswith aerodynamic diameter  1.1  µ m, followed by those in thesize ranges of 1.1–3.3  µ m and >  3.3  µ m. Comparedwith southern China, northern China witnessed much higher ∑24 PAHs (87.36 vs. 17.56 ng/m 3) , BaP eq (8.48 vs. 1.34 ng/m 3) and PAHs' inhalation cancer risk(7.4  ×  10 −4 vs. 1.2  ×  10 −4) . Nationwide increasesin both PAH levels and inhalation cancer risk occurred in winter. Theunfavorable meteorological conditions and enhanced emissions of coalcombustion and biomass burning together led to severe PAHs' pollution andhigh cancer risk in the atmosphere of northern China, especially duringwinter. Coal combustion is the major source of BaP eq in all sizeparticles at most sampling sites. Our results suggested that the reductionof coal and biofuel consumption in the residential sector could be crucialand effective in lowering PAH concentrations and their inhalation cancer risk inChina.

Nationwide increase of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ultrafine particles during winter over China revealed by size-segregated measurements