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. Marine low clouds strongly influence global climate, and their radiativeeffects are particularly susceptible to the concentration of cloudcondensation nuclei (CCN). One major source of CCN is the condensational growthof pre-CCN particles, and sulfate has long been considered the majorcondensing species in the remote marine boundary layer. While some studieshave suggested that secondary organic species can contribute to particlegrowth, its importance remains unclear. Here we present the first long-termobservational evidence that organics play an important role in particlegrowth over remote oceans. To the contrary of traditional thinking, sulfatedominated condensational growth for only a small (∼18 %)fraction of the 62 observed growth events, even fewer than theorganic-dominated events (24 %). During most (58 %) growth events, themajor condensing species included both organics and sulfate. Potentialprecursors of the secondary organics are volatile organic compounds fromocean biological activities and those produced by the air–sea interfacialoxidation. Our results indicate that the condensation of secondary organicscontributes strongly to the growth of pre-CCN particles and thereby the CCNpopulation over remote oceans.

Large contribution of organics to condensational growth and formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the remote marine boundary layer