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. Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) Phase IIIexamines how online coupled air quality models perform in simulatingwintertime haze events in the North China Plain region and evaluates theimportance of aerosol radiative feedbacks. This paper discusses theestimates of aerosol radiative forcing, aerosol feedbacks, and possiblecauses for the differences among the participating models. Over theBeijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, the ensemble mean of estimated aerosoldirect radiative forcing (ADRF) at the top of atmosphere, inside theatmosphere, and at the surface are −1.1 , 7.7, and −8.8  W m −2 duringJanuary 2010, respectively. Subdivisions of direct and indirect aerosolradiative forcing confirm the dominant role of direct forcing. During severehaze days (17–19 January 2010), the averaged reduction in near-surfacetemperature for the BTH region can reach 0.3–1.6  ∘ C. Theresponses of wind speeds at 10 m (WS10) inferred from different models showconsistent declines in eastern China. For the BTH region, aerosol–radiationfeedback-induced daytime changes in PM 2.5 concentrations duringsevere haze days range from 6.0 to 12.9  µ g m −3 (  %).Sensitivity simulations indicate the important effect of aerosol mixingstates on the estimates of ADRF and aerosol feedbacks. Besides, black carbon (BC) exhibitsa large contribution to atmospheric heating and feedbacks although it accountsfor a small share of mass concentration of PM 2.5 .

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Air quality and climate change, Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia Phase III (MICS-Asia III) – Part 2: aerosol radiative effects and aerosol feedbacks