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. The climate and air quality effects of aerosol particlesdepend on the number and size of the particles. In urbanenvironments, a large fraction of aerosol particles originates fromanthropogenic emissions. To evaluate the effects of different pollutionsources on air quality, knowledge of size distributions of particle numberemissions is needed. Here we introduce a novel method for determiningsize-resolved particle number emissions, based on measured particle sizedistributions. We apply our method to data measured in Beijing, China, todetermine the number size distribution of emitted particles in a diameterrange from 2 to 1000 nm. The observed particle number emissions aredominated by emissions of particles smaller than 30 nm. Our results suggestthat traffic is the major source of particle number emissions with thehighest emissions observed for particles around 10 nm during rush hours. Atsizes below 6 nm, clustering of atmospheric vapors contributes to calculatedemissions. The comparison between our calculated emissions and thoseestimated with an integrated assessment model GAINS (Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) shows that our methodyields clearly higher particle emissions at sizes below 60 nm, but at sizesabove that the two methods agree well. Overall, our method is proven to be auseful tool for gaining new knowledge of the size distributions of particlenumber emissions in urban environments and for validating emissioninventories and models. In the future, the method will be developed bymodeling the transport of particles from different sources to obtain moreaccurate estimates of particle number emissions.

Size-resolved particle number emissions in Beijing determined from measured particle size distributions