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. Plants emit a diverse range of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs)whose oxidation leads to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. Themajority of studies of biogenic SOA have focused on single or simplemulticomponent BVOC mixtures thought to be representative of Northernhemispheric deciduous or mixed forest conditions. Gaps remain in ourunderstanding of SOA formation from complex mixtures of real plant emissionsin other environments. Towards the goal of understanding SOA in other regions, we conducted thefirst comprehensive study of SOA from oxygenated monoterpenes. These are thedominant emissions from the most common plant species in southernCalifornia's coastal sage ecosystem: black sage (Salvia mellifera) and California sagebrush(Artemisia californica). Emissions from sage plants, as well as single compounds representing their majoremissions (camphor, camphene and eucalyptol), were oxidised in an Aerodynepotential aerosol mass oxidation flow reactor (PAM-OFR). The chemicalcomposition of SOA was characterised using a high-resolution time-of-flightiodide-anion chemical-ionisation mass spectrometer equipped with a FilterInlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO-I-HR-ToF-CIMS) under low- andmedium-NOx conditions. SOA from oxygenated monoterpenes showed a higher-order oligomer content and agreater presence of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) thannon-oxygenated monoterpenes, with HOM contributing 27 %–47 % and 12 %–14 % of SOA product signal from oxygenated and non-oxygenated monoterpenesrespectively. This study highlights the potential importance of oxygenatedmonoterpene emissions for SOA formation in woody shrub ecosystems.

Oligomer and highly oxygenated organic molecule formation from oxidation of oxygenated monoterpenes emitted by California sage plants