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. Ozone is a key constituent of the troposphere, where it drives photochemicalprocesses, impacts air quality, and acts as a climate forcer. Large-scale in situ observations of ozone commensurate with the grid resolution of currentEarth system models are necessary to validate model outputs and satelliteretrievals. In this paper, we examine measurements from the AtmosphericTomography (ATom; four deployments in 2016–2018) and the HIAPER Pole-to-PoleObservations (HIPPO; five deployments in 2009–2011) experiments, twoglobal-scale airborne campaigns covering the Pacific and Atlantic basins. ATom and HIPPO represent the first global-scale, vertically resolvedmeasurements of O3 distributions throughout the troposphere, with HIPPOsampling the atmosphere over the Pacific and ATom sampling both the Pacificand Atlantic. Given the relatively limited temporal resolution of these twocampaigns, we first compare ATom and HIPPO ozone data to longer-termobservational records to establish the representativeness of our dataset. Weshow that these two airborne campaigns captured on average 53 %, 54 %, and 38 % of the ozone variability in the marine boundary layer, freetroposphere, and upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS), respectively,at nine well-established ozonesonde sites. Additionally, ATom captured themost frequent ozone concentrations measured by regular commercial aircraftflights in the northern Atlantic UTLS. We then use the repeated verticalprofiles from these two campaigns to confirm and extend the existingknowledge of tropospheric ozone spatial andvertical distributions throughout the remote troposphere. We highlight aclear hemispheric gradient, with greater ozone in the Northern Hemisphere,consistent with greater precursor emissions and consistent with previousmodeling and satellite studies. We also show that the ozone distributionbelow 8 km was similar in the extra-tropics of the Atlantic and Pacificbasins, likely due to zonal circulation patterns. However, twice as muchozone was found in the tropical Atlantic as in the tropical Pacific, dueto well-documented dynamical patterns transporting continental air massesover the Atlantic. Finally, we show that the seasonal variability oftropospheric ozone over the Pacific and the Atlantic basins is drivenyear-round by transported continental plumes and photochemistry, and thevertical distribution is driven by photochemistry and mixing withstratospheric air. This new dataset provides additional constraints forglobal climate and chemistry models to improve our understanding of bothozone production and loss processes in remote regions, as well as theinfluence of anthropogenic emissions on baseline ozone.

Global-scale distribution of ozone in the remote troposphere from the ATom and HIPPO airborne field missions