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. Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) affects thechemistry of the polar middle atmosphere by producing reactive nitrogen( NOy ) and hydrogen ( HOx ) species, which then catalytically destroyozone. Recently, there have been major advances in constraining theseparticle impacts through a parametrization of NOy based on high-qualityobservations. Here we investigate the effects of low (auroral) and middle(radiation belt) energy range electrons, separately and in combination, onreactive nitrogen and hydrogen species as well as on ozone during SouthernHemisphere winters from 2002 to 2010 using the SOCOL3-MPIOM chemistry-climate model. Our results show that, in the absence of solar proton events, low-energy electrons produce the majority of NOy in the polar mesosphereand stratosphere. In the polar vortex, NOy subsides and affects ozoneat lower altitudes, down to 10 hPa. Comparing a year with high electronprecipitation with a quiescent period, we found large ozone depletion in themesosphere; as the anomaly propagates downward, 15 % less ozone is foundin the stratosphere during winter, which is confirmed by satelliteobservations. Only with both low- and middle-energy electrons does our modelreproduce the observed stratospheric ozone anomaly.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Reactive nitrogen (NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) and ozone responses to energetic electron precipitation during Southern Hemisphere winter