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. Determination of the updated concentrations of atmosphericparticles ( Ncn ) and the concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei( Nccn ) over the northwestern Pacific Ocean (NWPO) are important toaccurately evaluate the influence of aerosol outflow from the Asiancontinent on the climate by considering the rapid changes in emissions ofair pollutants therein. However, field observations in the last two decadesare scarce. We conducted a cruise campaign over the NWPO to simultaneouslymeasure Ncn , Nccn and the size distribution of aerosol particlesfrom day of year (DOY) 81 to DOY 108 of 2014. The mean values of Nccn at supersaturation (SS) of levels 0.2 % and 0.4 % were 0.68 ± 0.38 × 10 3 and 1.1 ± 0.67 × 10 3  cm −3 , respectively, with an average of 2.8 ± 1.0 × 10 3  cm −3 for Ncn during the cruise over the NWPO.All are approximately 1 order of magnitude larger than spring observationsmade during the preceding two decades in the remote marine atmosphere. Thelarger values, against the marine natural background reported in theliterature, imply an overwhelming contribution from continental inputs. Thecalculated activity ratios (ARs) of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were 0.30±0.11 and 0.46±0.19 at SS levels of 0.2 % and 0.4 %,respectively, which are almost the same as those of upwind semi-urban sites.High Nccn and CCN activities were observed from DOY 98 to DOY 102, whenthe oceanic zone received even stronger continental input. Excluding biomassburning (BB) and dust aerosols, good correlation between Nccn at0.4 % SS and the number concentrations of > 60 nm particles( N>60 nm ) was obtained during the entire cruise period, with aslope of 0.98 and R2=0.94 , and the correspondingeffective hygroscopicity parameter ( κ ) was estimated to be 0.40. Abimodal size distribution pattern of the particle number concentration wasgenerally observed during the entire campaign when the N>90 nm variedlargely. However, the N , accounting for approximatelyone-third of the total number concentration, varied narrowly, and two NPFevents associated with vertical transport were observed. This implies that apool of nucleation-mode atmospheric particles is aloft. BB and dust eventswere observed over the NWPO, but their aerosol contributions to Ncn and Nccn were minor (i.e., 10 % or less) on a monthly timescale.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Nucleation-mode particle pool and large increases in &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;cn&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;ccn&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; observed over the northwestern Pacific Ocean in the spring of 2014