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. Gasoline evaporative emissions have become an important anthropogenic sourceof urban atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secondary organicaerosol (SOA). These emissions have a significant impact on regional airquality, especially in China where car ownership is growing rapidly.However, the contribution of evaporative emissions to secondary aerosol(SA) is not clear in an air pollution complex in which a high concentration of SO2 and NH3 was present. In this study, the effects of SO2 and NH3 on SA formation from unburned gasoline vapor were investigatedin a 30 m 3 indoor smog chamber. It was found that an increase in SO2 and NH3 concentrations (0–151 and 0–200 ppb, respectively)could linearly promote the formation of SA, which could be enhanced by afactor of 1.6–2.6 and 2.0–2.5, respectively. Sulfate was most sensitiveto the SO2 concentration, followed by organic aerosol, which was duenot only to the acid catalytic effect, but was also related to the formation oforganic sulfur-containing compounds. In the case of an increasing NH3 concentration, ammonium nitrate increased more significantly than organicaerosol, and nitrogen-containing organics were also enhanced, as revealed bythe results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis. New particleformation (NPF) and particle size growth were also significantly enhanced inthe presence of SO2 and NH3 . This work indicates that gasolineevaporative emissions will be a significant source of SA, especially in thepresence of high concentrations of SO2 and NH3 . Meanwhile, theseemissions might also be a potential source of sulfur- andnitrogen-containing organics. Our work provides a scientific basis for thesynergistic emission reduction of secondary aerosol precursors, including NOx , SO2 , NH3 , and particularly VOCs, to mitigate particulate matter (PM) pollutionin China.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Significant source of secondary aerosol: formation from gasoline evaporative emissions in the presence of SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and NH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;