English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. Approximately 3 billion people worldwide cook with solid fuels, such as wood,charcoal, and agricultural residues. These fuels, also used for residentialheating, are often combusted in inefficient devices, producing carbonaceousemissions. Between 2.6 and 3.8 million premature deaths occur as a result ofexposure to fine particulate matter from the resulting household airpollution (Health Effects Institute, 2018a; World Health Organization, 2018).Household air pollution also contributes to ambient air pollution; themagnitude of this contribution is uncertain. Here, we simulate thedistribution of the two major health-damaging outdoor air pollutants(PM 2.5 and O3 ) using state-of-the-science emissions databases andatmospheric chemical transport models to estimate the impact of householdcombustion on ambient air quality in India. The present study focuses on NewDelhi and the SOMAARTH Demographic, Development, and EnvironmentalSurveillance Site (DDESS) in the Palwal District of Haryana, located about80 km south of New Delhi. The DDESS covers an approximate population of200 000 within 52 villages. The emissions inventory used in the present studywas prepared based on a national inventory in India (Sharma et al., 2015,2016), an updated residential sector inventory prepared at the University ofIllinois, updated cookstove emissions factors from Fleming et al. (2018b),and PM 2.5 speciation from cooking fires from Jayarathne et al. (2018).Simulation of regional air quality was carried out using the USEnvironmental Protection Agency Community Multiscale Air Quality modelingsystem (CMAQ) in conjunction with the Weather Research and Forecastingmodeling system (WRF) to simulate the meteorological inputs for CMAQ, and theglobal chemical transport model GEOS-Chem to generate concentrations on theboundary of the computational domain. Comparisons between observed andsimulated O3 and PM 2.5 levels are carried out to assess overallairborne levels and to estimate the contribution of household cookingemissions. Observed and predicted ozone levels over New Delhi duringSeptember 2015, December 2015, and September 2016 routinely exceeded the 8 hIndian standard of 100  µ g m −3 , and, on occasion, exceeded180  µ g m −3 . PM 2.5 levels are predicted over the SOMAARTHheadquarters (September 2015 and September 2016), Bajada Pahari (a village inthe surveillance site; September 2015, December 2015, and September 2016),and New Delhi (September 2015, December 2015, and September 2016). Thepredicted fractional impact of residential emissions on anthropogenicPM 2.5 levels varies from about 0.27 in SOMAARTH HQ and Bajada Pahari toabout 0.10 in New Delhi. The predicted secondary organic portion ofPM 2.5 produced by household emissions ranges from 16 % to 80 %.Predicted levels of secondary organic PM 2.5 during the periods studiedat the four locations averaged about 30  µ g m −3 , representingapproximately 30 % and 20 % of total PM 2.5 levels in the ruraland urban stations, respectively.

Impacts of household sources on air pollution at village and regional scales in India