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. Recent advances in our knowledge of the gas-phase oxidation ofisoprene, the impact of chamber walls on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) massyields, and aerosol measurement analysis techniques warrant reevaluating SOAyields from isoprene. In particular, SOA from isoprene oxidation underhigh- NOx conditions forms via two major pathways: (1) low-volatilitynitrates and dinitrates (LV pathway) and (2) hydroxymethyl-methyl- α -lactone (HMML) reaction on a surface or thecondensed phase of particles to form 2-methyl glyceric acid and its oligomers(2MGA pathway). These SOA production pathways respond differently to reactionconditions. Past chamber experiments generated SOA with varying contributionsfrom these two unique pathways, leading to results that are difficult tointerpret. This study examines the SOA yields from these two pathwaysindependently, which improves the interpretation of previous results andprovides further understanding of the relevance of chamber SOA yields to theatmosphere and regional or global modeling. Results suggest that low-volatilitynitrates and dinitrates produce significantly more aerosol than previouslythought; the experimentally measured SOA mass yield from the LV pathway is ∼0.15 . Sufficient seed surface area at the start of the reaction isneeded to limit the effects of vapor wall losses of low-volatility compoundsand accurately measure the complete SOA mass yield. Under dry conditions,substantial amounts of SOA are formed from HMML ring-opening reactions withinorganic ions and HMML organic oligomerization processes. However, thelactone organic oligomerization reactions are suppressed under moreatmospherically relevant humidity levels, where hydration of the lactone ismore competitive. This limits the SOA formation potential from the 2MGApathway to HMML ring-opening reactions with water or inorganic ions undertypical atmospheric conditions. The isoprene SOA mass yield from the LVpathway measured in this work is significantly higher than previous studieshave reported, suggesting that low-volatility compounds such as organicnitrates and dinitrates may contribute to isoprene SOA under high- NOx conditions significantly more than previously thought and thus deservecontinued study.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Low-volatility compounds contribute significantly to isoprene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) under high-NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; conditions