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. Dimethylsulfide (DMS), outgassed from ocean waters, plays animportant role in the climate system, as it oxidizes to methane sulfonicacid (MSA) and sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ), which can lead to the formation ofsulfate aerosol. Newly formed sulfate aerosol resulting from DMS oxidationmay grow by condensation of gases, in-cloud oxidation, and coagulation tosizes where they may act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and influencecloud properties. Under future global warming conditions, sea ice in theArctic region is expected to decline significantly, which may lead toincreased emissions of DMS from the open ocean and changes in cloud regimes.In this study we evaluate impacts of DMS on Arctic sulfate aerosol budget,changes in cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC), and cloud radiativeforcing in the Arctic region under current and future sea ice conditionsusing an atmospheric global climate model. Given that future DMSconcentrations are highly uncertain, several simulations with differentsurface seawater DMS concentrations and spatial distributions in the Arcticwere performed in order to determine the sensitivity of sulfate aerosolbudgets, CDNC, and cloud radiative forcing to Arctic surface seawater DMSconcentrations. For any given amount and distribution of Arctic surfaceseawater DMS, similar amounts of sulfate are produced by oxidation of DMSin 2000 and 2050 despite large increases in DMS emission in the latter perioddue to sea ice retreat in the simulations. This relatively low sensitivityof sulfate burden is related to enhanced sulfate wet removal byprecipitation in 2050. However simulated aerosol nucleation rates are higherin 2050, which results in an overall increase in CDNC and substantially morenegative cloud radiative forcing. Thus potential future reductions in seaice extent may cause cloud albedos to increase, resulting in a negativeclimate feedback on radiative forcing in the Arctic associated with ocean DMS emissions.

Sensitivity of Arctic sulfate aerosol and clouds to changes in future surface seawater dimethylsulfide concentrations