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. In order to clarify the causes of variability among the model outputs forsurface ozone in the Model Intercomparison Study Asia Phase III (MICS-Asia III),three regional models, CMAQ v.5.0.2, CMAQ v.4.7.1, and NAQPMS(abbreviated as NAQM in this paper), have been selected. Detailed analyses ofmonthly averaged diurnal variation have been performed for selected gridscovering the metropolitan areas of Beijing and Tokyo and at a remote oceanicsite, Oki. The chemical reaction mechanism, SAPRC99, used in the CMAQ modelstended to give a higher net chemical ozone production than CBM-Z used inNAQM, agreeing with previous studies. Inclusion of the heterogeneous“renoxification” reaction of HNO 3  (on soot surface) → NO + NO 2 only in NAQM would give a higher NO concentration resulting in abetter agreement with observational data for NO and nighttime O3 mixingratios. In addition to chemical processes, the difference in the verticaltransport of O3 was found to affect the simulated results significantly.Particularly, the increase in downward O3 flux from the upper layer tothe surface after dawn was found to be substantially different among themodels. Larger early morning vertical transport of O3 simulated by CMAQ 5.0.2is thought to be the reason for higher daytime O3 in July in thismodel. All three models overestimated the daytime ozone by ca. 20  ppbv atthe remote site Oki in July, where in situ photochemical activity is minimal.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Comparison of surface ozone simulation among selected regional models in MICS-Asia III – effects of chemistry and vertical transport for the causes of difference