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. Speciated atmospheric mercury including gaseous elemental mercury (GEM),gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate-bound mercury (PBM) weremeasured continuously for a 1-year period at a suburban site, representing aregional transport intersection zone, in east China. Annual meanconcentrations of GEM, PBM, and GOM reached 2.77 ng m −3 ,60.8 pg m −3 , and 82.1 pg m −3 , respectively. GEM concentrations wereelevated in all the seasons except autumn. High mercury concentrations wererelated to winds from the south, southwest, and north of the measurementsite. Combining analysis results from using various source apportionmentmethods, it was found that GEM concentration was higher when quasi-localsources dominated over long-range transport. Six source factors belonging tothe anthropogenic sources of GEM were identified, including the commonsectors previously identified (industrial and biomass burning, coalcombustion, iron and steel production, cement production, and incineration),as well as an additional factor of shipping emissions (accounting for19.5 % of the total), which was found to be important in east China wheremarine vessel shipping activities are intense. Emissions of GEM from naturalsurfaces were also found to be as important as those from anthropogenicsources for GEM observed at this site. Concurrences of high GOMconcentrations with elevated O3 and temperature, along with the laggedvariations in GEM and GOM during daytime demonstrated that the very high GOMconcentrations were partially ascribed to intense in situ oxidation of GEM.Strong gas–particle partitioning was also identified when PM 2.5 wasabove a threshold value, in which case GOM decreased with increasing PM 2.5 .

Characteristics of atmospheric mercury in a suburban area of east China: sources, formation mechanisms, and regional transport