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. The microbial by-product nitrous oxide ( N2O ), a potent greenhouse gas and ozonedepleting substance, has conventionally been assumed to have minimalemissions in permafrost regions. This assumption has been questioned byrecent in situ studies which have demonstrated that some geologic features inpermafrost may, in fact, have elevated emissions comparable to those oftropical soils. However, these recent studies, along with every known in situstudy focused on permafrost N2O fluxes, have used chambers to examinesmall areas (  m 2 ). In late August 2013, we used the airborneeddy-covariance technique to make in situ N2O flux measurements overthe North Slope of Alaska from a low-flying aircraft spanning a much largerarea: around 310 km 2 . We observed large variability of N2O fluxes with many areas exhibiting negligible emissions. Still, the daily meanaveraged over our flight campaign was 3.8(2.2–4.7) mg  N2O  m −2  d −1 with the 90 % confidenceinterval shown in parentheses. If these measurements are representative ofthe whole month, then the permafrost areas we observed emitted a total ofaround 0.04–0.09 g m −2 for August, which is comparable to what istypically assumed to be the upper limit of yearly emissions for theseregions.

Permafrost nitrous oxide emissions observed on a landscape scale using the airborne eddy-covariance method