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. Accompanied by unfavorable meteorological conditions with stablestratification in various haze regions of China, persistent heavy aerosolpollution episodes (HPEs) lasting more than 3 consecutive days frequentlyoccur, particularly in winter. In the North China Plain (NCP), explosivegrowth of fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5  µ m indiameter (PM 2.5 ), which occurs during some HPE S , is dominated bya two-way feedback mechanism between more unfavorablemeteorological conditions and cumulative aerosol pollution. However, theexistence of a two-way feedback mechanism such as this in other key haze regions in China isuncertain; these regions include the Guanzhong Plain (GZP), the Yangtze RiverDelta (YRD) region, the Two Lakes Basin (TLB; a large outflow basin connected to Hubei Province and Hunan Province), the Pearl River Delta (PRD)region, the Sichuan Basin (SB), and the Northeast China Plain (NeCP). In thisstudy, using surface PM 2.5 and radiation observations, radiosondeobservations, and reanalysis data, we observed the existence of a two-wayfeedback mechanism in the six abovementioned regions. In the SB, this two-way feedbackmechanism is weak due to the suppression of cloudy mid-upper layers. In themore polluted NCP, the GZP, and the NeCP, the feedback is more striking thanthat in the YRD, the TLB, and the PRD. In these regions, the feedback ofworsened meteorological conditions on PM 2.5 explains 60 %–70 % ofthe increase in PM 2.5 during the cumulative stages (CSs). For eachregion, the low-level cooling bias becomes increasingly substantial withincreasing aerosol pollution and a closer distance to the ground surface.With PM 2.5 mass concentrations greater than 400  µ g m −3 ,the near-ground bias exceeded −4 ∘ C in Beijing and reached up toapproximately −4 ∘ C in Xi'an; this result was caused byaccumulated aerosol mass to some extent. In addition to the increase inPM 2.5 caused by the two-way feedback, these regions also suffer from theregional transport of pollutants, including inter-regional transport in theGZP, trans-regional transport from the NCP to the YRD and the TLB, andsouthwesterly transport in the NeCP.

The two-way feedback mechanism between unfavorable meteorological conditions and cumulative aerosol pollution in various haze regions of China