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. 2-Methoxyphenol (guaiacol) is derived from the lignin pyrolysisand taken as a potential tracer for wood smoke emissions. In this work, theeffect of SO2 at atmospheric levels (0–56 ppbv) on secondary organicaerosol (SOA) formation and its oxidation state during guaiacolphotooxidation was investigated in the presence of various inorganic seedparticles (i.e., NaCl and (NH4)2SO4 ). Without SO2 and seedparticles, SOA yields ranged from ( 9.46±1.71 ) % to ( 26.37±2.83 ) % and could be well expressed by a one-product model. According tothe ratio of the average gas-particle partitioning timescale ( τ ‾ g - p ) over the course of the experiment to the vapor wall depositiontimescale ( τg−w ), the determined SOA yields wereunderestimated by a factor of ∼2 . The presence of SO2 resulted in enhancing SOA yield by 14.04 %–23.65 %. With (NH4)2SO4 and NaCl seed particles, SOA yield was enhanced by23.07 % and 29.57 %, respectively, which further increasedsignificantly to 29.78 %–53.43 % in the presence of SO2 ,suggesting that SO2 and seed particles have a synergetic contribution toSOA formation. The decreasing trend of the τ ‾ g - p / τ g - w ratio in the presence of seed particles and SO2 suggested that more SOA-forming vapors partitioned into the particle phase,consequently increasing SOA yields. It should be noted that SO2 wasfound to be in favor of increasing the carbon oxidation state (OS C ) ofSOA, indicating that the functionalization or the partitioning ofhighly oxidized products into particles should be more dominant thanthe oligomerization. In addition, the average N∕C ratio of SOA was0.037, which revealed that NOx participated in the photooxidationprocess, consequently leading to the formation of organic N-containingcompounds. The experimental results demonstrate the importance of SO2 onthe formation processes of SOA and organic S-containing compounds and are alsohelpful to further understand SOA formation from the atmosphericphotooxidation of guaiacol and its subsequent impacts on air quality andclimate.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Enhancement of secondary organic aerosol formation and its oxidation state by SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; during photooxidation of 2-methoxyphenol