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. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a common phenomenon all overthe world. In this study we present the longest time series of NPF records inthe eastern Mediterranean region by analyzing 10 years of aerosol number sizedistribution data obtained with a mobility particle sizer. The measurementswere performed at the Finokalia environmental research station on Crete,Greece, during the period June 2008–June 2018. We found that NPF took placeon 27 % of the available days, undefined days were 23 % and non-eventdays 50 %. NPF is more frequent in April and May probably due to theterrestrial biogenic activity and is less frequent in August. Throughout theperiod under study, nucleation was observed also during the night. Nucleationmode particles had the highest concentration in winter and early spring,mainly because of the minimum sinks, and their average contribution to thetotal particle number concentration was 8 %. Nucleation mode particleconcentrations were low outside periods of active NPF and growth, so thereare hardly any other local sources of sub-25 nm particles. Additionalatmospheric ion size distribution data simultaneously collected for more than2 years were also analyzed. Classification of NPF events based on ionspectrometer measurements differed from the corresponding classificationbased on a mobility spectrometer, possibly indicating a differentrepresentation of local and regional NPF events between these two measurementdata sets. We used the MALTE-Box modelfor simulating a case study of NPF in the eastern Mediterranean region.Monoterpenes contributing to NPF can explain a large fraction of the observedNPF events according to our model simulations. However the adjustedparameterization resulting from our sensitivity tests was significantlydifferent from the initial one that had been determined for the borealenvironment.

Formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles in the eastern Mediterranean: results from long-term measurements and process simulations