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. Hygroscopicity largelyaffects environmental and climatic impacts of pollen grains, one importanttype of primary biological aerosol particles in the troposphere. However, ourknowledge of pollen hygroscopicity is rather limited, and the effect oftemperature in particular has rarely been explored before. In this work threedifferent techniques, including a vapor sorption analyzer, diffusionreflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and transmissionFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (transmission FTIR) were employed tocharacterize six anemophilous pollen species and to investigate theirhygroscopic properties as a function of relative humidity (RH, up to95 %) and temperature (5 or 15, 25 and 37  ∘ C). Substantial massincrease due to water uptake was observed for all the six pollen species, andat 25  ∘ C the relative mass increase at 90 % RH, when comparedto that at  % RH, ranged from ∼30  % to ∼50  %,varying with pollen species. It was found that the modified κ -Kohler equation can well approximate mass hygroscopic growth of all thesix pollen species, and the single hygroscopicity parameter ( κ ) wasdetermined to be in the range of 0.034±0.001 to 0.061±0.007 at25  ∘ C. In situ DRIFTS measurements suggested that water adsorptionby pollen species was mainly contributed to by OH groups of organic compoundsthey contained, and good correlations were indeed found betweenhygroscopicity of pollen species and the number of OH groups, as determinedusing transmission FTIR. An increase in temperature would in general lead toa decrease in hygroscopicity, except for pecan pollen. For example, κ values decreased from 0.073±0.006 at 5  ∘ C to 0.061±0.007 at 25  ∘ C and to 0.057±0.004 at 37  ∘ C forPopulus tremuloides pollen, and decreased from 0.060±0.001 at15  ∘ C to 0.054±0.001 at 25  ∘ Cand 0.050±0.002 at37  ∘ C for paper mulberry pollen.

Water adsorption and hygroscopic growth of six anemophilous pollen species: the effect of temperature