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. Analogous to the circumstances in wintertime, the increasingseverity of autumnal haze pollution over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH)region may also lead to impairment of the socioeconomic development andhuman health in this region. Despite man-made aerosol emissions, theinterannual variability of autumnal (September–October–November) haze days(AHDs) in the BTH region (AHD BTH ) is apparently tied to the global andregional meteorological anomalies. The present study suggests that anabove-normal AHD BTH is closely associated with the simultaneous seasurface temperature (SST) warming in two regions (over the North Atlanticsubtropical sector, R1, and over the western North Pacific sector, R2).When the autumnal SST warming in both R1 and R2 is significant, thelikelihood of a higher AHD BTH is greatly enhanced. Observational andsimulation evidence demonstrated how remote SST anomalies over R1 and R2influence variation of AHD BTH via two different pathways. Firstly, SSTwarming in R1 can induce a downstream midlatitudinal Rossby wave train,leading to a barotropic high-pressure and subsidence anomaly over the BTHregion. Secondly, SST warming in R2 can also result in air subsidence overthe BTH region through an anomalous local meridional cell. Through these twodistinct pathways, localized meteorological circumstances conducive to ahigher AHD BTH (i.e., repressed planetary boundary layer, weak southerlyairflow, and warm and moist conditions) can be established.

Two pathways of how remote SST anomalies drive the interannual variability of autumnal haze days in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China