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. Organic aerosol (OA) particles are recognized as key factors influencing airquality and climate change. However, highly time-resolved long-termcharacterizations of their composition and sources in ambient air are stillvery limited due to challenging continuous observations. Here, we present ananalysis of long-term variability of submicron OA using the combination ofan aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and a multiwavelength Aethalometerfrom November 2011 to March 2018 at a peri-urban background site of theParis region (France). Source apportionment of OA was achieved via partiallyconstrained positive matrix factorization (PMF) using the multilinear engine(ME-2). Two primary OA (POA) and two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors wereidentified and quantified over the entire studied period. POA factors weredesignated as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and biomass burning OA (BBOA). Thelatter factor presented a significant seasonality with higher concentrationsin winter with significant monthly contributions to OA (18 %–33 %) due toenhanced residential wood burning emissions. HOA mainly originated fromtraffic emissions but was also influenced by biomass burning in coldperiods. OOA factors were distinguished between their less- andmore-oxidized fractions (LO-OOA and MO-OOA, respectively). These factorspresented distinct seasonal patterns, associated with different atmosphericformation pathways. A pronounced increase in LO-OOA concentrations andcontributions (50 %–66 %) was observed in summer, which may be mainlyexplained by secondary OA (SOA) formation processes involving biogenicgaseous precursors. Conversely, high concentrations and OA contributions(32 %–62 %) of MO-OOA during winter and spring seasons were partlyassociated with anthropogenic emissions and/or long-range transport fromnortheastern Europe. The contribution of the different OA factors as afunction of OA mass loading highlighted the dominant roles of POA duringpollution episodes in fall and winter and of SOA for highest springtime andsummertime OA concentrations. Finally, long-term trend analyses indicated adecreasing feature (of about  −175  ng m −3  yr −1 ) for MO-OOA, verylimited or insignificant decreasing trends for primary anthropogeniccarbonaceous aerosols (BBOA and HOA, along with the fossil-fuel and biomass-burning black carbon components) and no statistically significant trend forLO-OOA over the 6-year investigated period.

Six-year source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols from near-continuous highly time-resolved measurements at SIRTA (Paris area, France)