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Abstract. We present the results of birch pollen characterizationusing lidar and in situ measurements based on a 11 d pollination periodfrom 5 to 15 May 2016 at the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network(EARLINET) station in Vehmasmaki (Kuopio; 62 ∘ 44 ′  N,27 ∘ 33 ′  E), Finland. The ground-based multiwavelengthRaman polarization lidar Polly XT performed continuous measurements atthis rural forest site and has been combined with a Hirst-type volumetricair sampler, which measured the pollen type and concentration at roof level(4 m). The period was separated into two parts due to different atmosphericconditions and detected pollen types. During the first period, highconcentrations of birch pollen were measured with a maximum 2 h averagepollen concentration of 3700 grains m −3 . Other pollen typesrepresented less than 3 % of the total pollen count. In observed pollenlayers, the mean particle depolarization ratio at 532 nm was 10±6  % during the intense birch pollination period. Mean lidar ratios werefound to be 45±7 and 55±16  sr at 355 and 532 nm,respectively. During the second period, birch pollen was still dominant, buta significant contribution of spruce pollen was observed as well. Sprucepollen grains are highly nonspherical, leading to a larger meandepolarization ratio of 26±7  % for the birch–spruce pollen mixture.Furthermore, higher lidar ratios were observed during this period withmean values of 60±3 and 62±10  sr at 355 and 532 nm,respectively. The presented study shows the potential of the particledepolarization ratio to track pollen grains in the atmosphere.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Detection and characterization of birch pollen in the atmosphere using a multiwavelength Raman polarization lidar and Hirst-type pollen sampler in Finland