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. Haze pollution caused by PM 2.5 is the largest airquality concern in China in recent years. Long-term measurements ofPM 2.5 and the precursors and chemical speciation are crucially importantfor evaluating the efficiency of emission control, understanding formationand transport of PM 2.5 associated with the change of meteorology, andaccessing the impact of human activities on regional climate change.Here we reported long-term continuous measurements of PM 2.5 , chemicalcomponents, and their precursors at a regional background station, theStation for Observing Regional Processes of the Earth System (SORPES), inNanjing, eastern China, since 2011. We found that PM 2.5 at the stationhas experienced a substantial decrease ( −9.1  % yr −1 ), accompanied by evena very significant reduction of SO2 ( −16.7  % yr −1 ), since the national“Ten Measures of Air” took action in 2013. Control of open biomassburning and fossil-fuel combustion are the two dominant factors thatinfluence the PM 2.5 reduction in early summer and winter, respectively.In the cold season (November–January), the nitrate fraction was significantlyincreased, especially when air masses were transported from the north. More NH3 available from a substantial reduction of SO2 and increased oxidizationcapacity are the main factors for the enhanced nitrate formation. Thechanges of year-to-year meteorology have contributed to 24 % of the PM 2.5 decrease since 2013. This study highlights several important implications onair pollution control policy in China.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Significant reduction of PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2.5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; in eastern China due to regional-scale emission control: evidence from SORPES in 2011–2018