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. Biomass burning can significantly impact the chemical andoptical properties of carbonaceous aerosols. Here, the biomass burningimpacts were studied during wintertime in a megacity of Nanjing, eastern China.The high abundance of biomass burning tracers such as levoglucosan (lev),mannosan (man), galactosan (gal) and non-sea-salt potassium (nss- K+ )was found during the studied period with the concentration ranges of22.4–1476 ng m −3 , 2.1–56.2 ng m −3 , 1.4–32.2 ng m −3 and0.2–3.8  µ g m −3 , respectively. The significant contribution ofbiomass burning to water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC; 22.3±9.9  %) and organic carbon (OC; 20.9±9.3  %) was observed in thisstudy. Backward air mass origin analysis, potential emission sensitivity ofelemental carbon (EC) and MODIS fire spot information indicated that theelevations of the carbonaceous aerosols were due to the transportedbiomass-burning aerosols from southeastern China. The characteristic massratio maps of lev∕man and lev∕nss - K+ suggested that the biomass fuelswere mainly crop residuals. Furthermore, the strong correlation ( p  ) between biomass burning tracers (such as lev) and light absorptioncoefficient ( babs ) for water-soluble brown carbon (BrC) revealed thatbiomass burning emissions played a significant role in the light-absorptionproperties of carbonaceous aerosols. The solar energy absorption due towater-soluble brown carbon and EC was estimated by a calculation based onmeasured light-absorbing parameters and a simulation based on a radiativetransfer model (RRTMG_SW). The solar energy absorption ofwater-soluble BrC in short wavelengths (300–400 nm) was 0.8±0.4 (0.2–2.3) W m −2 (figures in parentheses represent the variation range of each parameter) from the calculation and 1.2±0.5 (0.3–1.9) W m −2 from the RRTMG_SW model. The absorption capacity ofwater-soluble BrC accounted for about 20 %–30 % of the total absorption ofEC aerosols. The solar energy absorption of water-soluble BrC due to biomassburning was estimated as 0.2±0.1 (0.0–0.9) W m −2 , consideringthe biomass burning contribution to carbonaceous aerosols. Potential sourcecontribution function model simulations showed that the solar energyabsorption induced by water-soluble BrC and EC aerosols was mostly due tothe regionally transported carbonaceous aerosols from source regions suchas southeastern China. Our results illustrate the importance of theabsorbing water-soluble brown carbon aerosols in trapping additional solarenergy in the low-level atmosphere, heating the surface and inhibiting theenergy from escaping the atmosphere.

Chemical and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols in Nanjing, eastern China: regionally transported biomass burning contribution