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. The effects of the chemical composition and size of sea-salt-containing particles on their cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activityare incompletely understood. We used a ground-based counterflow virtualimpactor (GCVI) coupled with a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer(SPAMS) to characterize chemical composition of submicron (dry diameter of0.2–1.0  µm ) and supermicron (1.0–2.0  µm ) sea-salt-containing cloudresidues (dried cloud droplets) at Mount Nanling, southern China. Seven cutsizes (7.5–14  µm ) of cloud droplets were set in the GCVI system. Thehighest number fraction of sea-salt-containing particles was observed at thecut size of 7.5  µm (26 %, by number), followed by 14  µm (17 %) and the other cut sizes (3 %–5 %). The submicron sea-salt-containing cloud residues contributed approximately 20 % (by number)at the cut size of 7.5  µm , which was significantly higher than thepercentages at the cut sizes of 8–14  µm (below 2 %). This differencewas likely involved in the change in the chemical composition. At thecut size of 7.5  µm , nitrate was internally mixed with over 90 % ofthe submicron sea-salt-containing cloud residues, which was higher thansulfate (20 %), ammonium (below 1 %), amines (6 %), hydrocarbonorganic species (2 %), and organic acids (4 %). However, at the cutsizes of 8–14  µm , nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, amines, hydrocarbonorganic species, and organic acids were internally mixed with > 90 %, > 80 %, 39 %–84 %, 71 %–86 %, 52 %–90 %, and 32 %–77 %of the submicron sea-salt-containing cloud residues. The proportion of sea-salt-containing particles in the supermicron cloud residues generallyincreased as a function of cut size, and their CCN activity was lessinfluenced by chemical composition. This study provided a significantcontribution towards a comprehensive understanding of sea-salt CCN activity.

Enrichment of submicron sea-salt-containing particles in small cloud droplets based on single-particle mass spectrometry