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. Western US wildlands experience frequent and large-scale wildfires which arepredicted to increase in the future. As a result, wildfire smoke emissionsare expected to play an increasing role in atmospheric chemistry whilenegatively impacting regional air quality and human health. Understanding theimpacts of smoke on the environment is informed by identifying andquantifying the chemical compounds that are emitted during wildfires and byproviding empirical relationships that describe how the amount andcomposition of the emissions change based upon different fire conditions andfuels. This study examined particulate organic compounds emitted from burningcommon western US wildland fuels at the US Forest Service Fire ScienceLaboratory. Thousands of intermediate and semi-volatile organic compounds(I/SVOCs) were separated and quantified into fire-integrated emission factors(EFs) using a thermal desorption, two-dimensional gas chromatograph withonline derivatization coupled to an electron ionization/vacuum ultraviolethigh-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer(TD-GC  ×  GC-EI/VUV-HRToFMS). Mass spectra, EFs as a function ofmodified combustion efficiency (MCE), fuel source, and other definingcharacteristics for the separated compounds are provided in the accompanyingmass spectral library. Results show that EFs for total organic carbon (OC),chemical families of I/SVOCs, and most individual I/SVOCs span 2–5 orders ofmagnitude, with higher EFs at smoldering conditions (low MCE) than flaming.Logarithmic fits applied to the observations showed that log (EFs) forparticulate organic compounds were inversely proportional to MCE. Thesemeasurements and relationships provide useful estimates of EFs for OC,elemental carbon (EC), organic chemical families, and individual I/SVOCs as afunction of fire conditions.

Speciated and total emission factors of particulate organics from burning western US wildland fuels and their dependence on combustion efficiency