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. Soils both emit and consume the trace gas carbonylsulfide (COS) leading to a soil–air COS exchange rate that is the netresult of two opposing fluxes. Partitioning these two gross fluxes andunderstanding their drivers are necessary to estimate the contribution ofsoils to the current and future atmospheric COS budget. Previous efforts to disentangle the gross COS fluxes from soils have usedflux measurements on air-dried soils as a proxy for the COS emission ratesof moist soils. However, this method implicitly assumes that COS uptakebecomes negligible and that COS emission remains steady while soils are drying.We tested this assumption by simultaneously estimating the soil COS sourcesand sinks and their temperature sensitivity ( Q10 ); these estimates were based on soil–air COS fluxmeasurements on fresh soils at different COS concentrations and two soiltemperatures. Measurements were performed on 27 European soils fromdifferent biomes and land use types in order to obtain a large range ofphysical–chemical properties and identify the drivers of COS consumption andproduction rates. We found that COS production rates from moist and air-dried soils were notsignificantly different for a given soil and that the COS production rateshad Q10 values (3.96  ±  3.94) that were larger and more variablethan the Q10 for COS consumption (1.17  ±  0.27). COS productiongenerally contributed less to the net flux at lower temperatures but thiscontribution of COS production increased rapidly at higher temperatures,lower soil moisture contents and lower COS concentrations. Consequently,measurements at higher COS concentrations (viz. 1000 ppt) always increased therobustness of COS consumption estimates. Across the range of biomes and landuse types COS production rates co-varied with total soil nitrogenconcentrations ( r =  0.52, P .05) and mean annual precipitation( r=0 .53, P .05), whilst the gross COS uptake rate and thefirst-order COS hydrolysis rate constant co-varied significantly with themicrobial biomass nitrogen (N) content of the soils ( r = - 0 .74 and 0.64, P .05 and P .05, respectively). Collectively our findings suggest a strong interactionbetween soil nitrogen and water cycling on COS production and uptake,providing new insights into how to upscale the contribution of soils to theglobal atmospheric COS budget.

Disentangling the rates of carbonyl sulfide (COS) production and consumption and their dependency on soil properties across biomes and land use types