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. The simulation of fine organic aerosols withCTMs (chemistry–transport models) in the western Mediterranean basin has notbeen studied until recently. The ChArMEx (the Chemistry-Aerosol MediterraneanExperiment) SOP 1b (Special Observation Period 1b) intensive field campaignin summer of 2013 gathered a large and comprehensive data set of observations,allowing the study of different aspects of the Mediterranean atmosphereincluding the formation of organic aerosols (OAs) in 3-D models. In this study,we used the CHIMERE CTM to perform simulations for the duration of the SAFMED(Secondary Aerosol Formation in the MEDiterranean) period (July to August 2013) of this campaign. In particular, we evaluated four schemes for thesimulation of OA, including the CHIMERE standard scheme, the VBS (volatilitybasis set) standard scheme with two parameterizations including aging ofbiogenic secondary OA, and a modified version of the VBS scheme whichincludes fragmentation and formation of nonvolatile OA. The results fromthese four schemes are compared to observations at two stations in thewestern Mediterranean basin, located on Ersa, Cap Corse (Corsica, France),and at Cap Es Pinar (Mallorca, Spain). These observations include OA massconcentration, PMF (positive matrix factorization) results of different OAfractions, and 14C observations showing the fossil or nonfossil originsof carbonaceous particles. Because of the complex orography of the Ersa site,an original method for calculating an orographic representativeness error(ORE) has been developed. It is concluded that the modified VBS scheme isclose to observations in all three aspects mentioned above; the standard VBSscheme without BSOA (biogenic secondary organic aerosol) aging also has asatisfactory performance in simulating the mass concentration of OA, but notfor the source origin analysis comparisons. In addition, the OA sources overthe western Mediterranean basin are explored. OA shows a major biogenicorigin, especially at several hundred meters height from the surface; howeverover the Gulf of Genoa near the surface, the anthropogenic origin is ofsimilar importance. A general assessment of other species was performed toevaluate the robustness of the simulations for this particular domain beforeevaluating OA simulation schemes. It is also shown that the Cap Corse sitepresents important orographic complexity, which makes comparison between modelsimulations and observations difficult. A method was designed to estimate anorographic representativeness error for species measured at Ersa and yieldsan uncertainty of between 50 and 85 % for primary pollutants, and around2–10 % for secondary species.

Simulation of fine organic aerosols in the western Mediterranean area during the ChArMEx 2013 summer campaign