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. Atmospheric deposition of long-range transport of anthropogenic reactivenitrogen (N r , mainly comprised of NH x , NO y andwater-soluble organic nitrogen, WSON) from continents may have profoundimpact on marine biogeochemistry. In addition,surface ocean dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) may also contribute to aerosolWSON in the overlying atmosphere. Despite the importance of off-continentdispersion and N r interactions at the atmosphere–ocean boundary,our knowledge of the sources of various nitrogen species in the atmosphereover the open ocean remains limited due to insufficient observations. Weconducted two cruises in the spring of 2014 and 2015 from the coast of Chinathrough the East China seas (ECSs, i.e. the Yellow Sea and East China Sea) tothe open ocean (i.e. the Northwest Pacific Ocean, NWPO). Concentrations of water-soluble totalnitrogen (WSTN), NO 3 - and NH 4 + , as well as the δ15 Nof WSTN and NO 3 - in marine aerosol, were measured during bothcruises. In the spring of 2015, we also analysed the concentrations and δ15 N of NO 3 - and the DON of surface seawater (SSW; at adepth of 5 m) along the cruise track. Aerosol NO 3 - , NH 4 + andWSON decreased logarithmically (1–2 orders of magnitude) with distance fromthe shore, reflecting strong anthropogenic emission sources of NO 3 - ,NH 4 + and WSON in China. Average aerosol NO 3 - and NH 4 + concentrations were significantly higher in 2014 (even in the remote NWOP)than in 2015 due to the stronger wind field in 2014, underscoring the role ofthe Asian winter monsoon in the seaward transport of anthropogenicNO 3 - and NH 4 + . However, the background aerosol WSON over theNWPO in 2015 (13.3  ±  8.5 nmol m −3) was similar to that in 2014(12.2  ±  6.3 nmol m −3) , suggesting an additionalnon-anthropogenic WSON source in the open ocean. Obviously, marine DONemissions should be considered in model and field assessments of netatmospheric WSON deposition in the open ocean. This study contributesinformation on parallel isotopic marine DON composition and aerosolN r datasets, but more research is required to explore complexN r sources and deposition processes in order to advance ourunderstanding of anthropogenic influences on the marine nitrogen cycle andnitrogen exchange at land–ocean and atmosphere–ocean interfaces.

Sources of reactive nitrogen in marine aerosol over the Northwest Pacific Ocean in spring