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. Solar radiation reflected by cirrus and deep convective clouds (DCCs) wasmeasured by the Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation Measurement System(SMART) installed on the German High Altitude and Long Range ResearchAircraft (HALO) during the Mid-Latitude Cirrus (ML-CIRRUS) and the Aerosol,Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interaction and Dynamic of ConvectiveClouds System – Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil:A Contribution to Cloud Resolving Modelling and to the Global PrecipitationMeasurement (ACRIDICON-CHUVA) campaigns. On particular flights, HALOperformed measurements closely collocated with overpasses of the ModerateResolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Aqua satellite. Acirrus cloud located above liquid water clouds and a DCC topped by an anvilcirrus are analyzed in this paper. Based on the nadir spectral upwardradiance measured above the two clouds, the optical thickness τ andparticle effective radius reff of the cirrus and DCC areretrieved using a radiance ratio technique, which considers the cloudthermodynamic phase, the vertical profile of cloud microphysical properties,the presence of multilayer clouds, and the heterogeneity of the surfacealbedo. For the cirrus case, the comparison of τ and reff retrieved on the basis of SMART and MODIS measurements yields a normalizedmean absolute deviation of up to 1.2  % for τ and 2.1  % for reff . For the DCC case, deviations of up to 3.6  % for τ and 6.2  % for reff are obtained. The larger deviations in theDCC case are mainly attributed to the fast cloud evolution andthree-dimensional (3-D) radiative effects. Measurements of spectral upwardradiance at near-infrared wavelengths are employed to investigate thevertical profile of reff in the cirrus. The retrieved values of reff are compared with corresponding in situ measurements using avertical weighting method. Compared to the MODIS observations, measurementsof SMART provide more information on the vertical distribution of particlesizes, which allow reconstructing the profile of reff close tothe cloud top. The comparison between retrieved and in situ reff yields a normalized mean absolute deviation, which ranges between 1.5 and10.3 %, and a robust correlation coefficient of 0.82.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Comparing airborne and satellite retrievals of cloud optical thickness and particle effective radius using a spectral radiance ratio technique: two case studies for cirrus and deep convective clouds