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https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

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. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is a large fraction oforganic aerosols (OA) globally and has significant impacts on climate andhuman health. The sources of WSOC remain very uncertain in polluted regions.Here we present a quantitative source apportionment of WSOC, isolated fromaerosols in China using radiocarbon ( 14 C) and offline high-resolutiontime-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. Fossil emissions onaverage accounted for 32–47 % of WSOC. Secondary organic carbon (SOC)dominated both the non-fossil and fossil derived WSOC, highlighting theimportance of secondary formation to WSOC in severe winter haze episodes.Contributions from fossil emissions to SOC were 61  ±  4 and50  ±  9 % in Shanghai and Beijing, respectively, significantlylarger than those in Guangzhou (36  ±  9 %) and Xi'an(26  ±  9 %). The most important primary sources were biomass burningemissions, contributing 17–26 % of WSOC. The remaining primary sourcessuch as coal combustion, cooking and traffic were generally very small butnot negligible contributors, as coal combustion contribution could exceed10 %. Taken together with earlier 14 C source apportionment studiesin urban, rural, semi-urban and background regions in Asia, Europe and the USA,we demonstrated a dominant contribution of non-fossil emissions (i.e.,75  ±  11 %) to WSOC aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere; however, thefossil fraction is substantially larger in aerosols from East Asia and theeastern Asian pollution outflow, especially during winter, due to increasing coalcombustion. Inclusion of our findings can improve a modelling of effects ofWSOC aerosols on climate, atmospheric chemistry and public health.

Large contribution of fossil fuel derived secondary organic carbon to water soluble organic aerosols in winter haze in China