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. The impact of air masses originating in Asia and influenced by the Asianmonsoon anticyclone on the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere is investigatedbased on in situ measurements. A statistically significant increase in watervapor ( H2O ) of about 0.5 ppmv (11 %) and methane ( CH4 ) of up to20 ppbv (1.2 %) in the extratropical stratosphere above a potentialtemperature of 380 K was detected between August and September 2012 duringthe HALO aircraft missions Transport and Composition in the UT/LMS (TACTS)and Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal). We investigate the origin of theincreased water vapor and methane using the three-dimensional ChemicalLagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). We assign the source of themoist air masses in the Asian region (northern and southern India, eastern China,southeast Asia, and the tropical Pacific) based on tracers of air massorigin used in CLaMS. The water vapor increase is correlated with an increaseof the simulated Asian monsoon air mass contribution from about 10 % inAugust to about 20 % in September, which corresponds to a doubling of theinfluence from the Asian monsoon region. Additionally, backtrajectoriesstarting at the aircraft flight paths are used to differentiate transportfrom the Asian monsoon anticyclone and other source regions by calculatingthe Lagrangian cold point (LCP). The geographic location of the LCPs, whichindicates the region where the set point of water vapor mixing ratio alongthese trajectories occurs, can be predominantly attributed to the Asianmonsoon region.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Water vapor increase in the lower stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere due to the Asian monsoon anticyclone observed during the TACTS/ESMVal campaigns