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. Mineral dust aerosols (MDs) not only influence the climate by scattering andabsorbing solar radiation but also modify cloud properties and change theecosystem. From 3 April to 16 May 2014, a ground-based mobile laboratory wasdeployed to measure the optical and microphysical properties of MDs neardust source regions in Wuwei, Zhangye, and Dunhuang (in chronological order)along the Hexi Corridor over northwestern China. Throughout this dustcampaign, the hourly averaged ( ± standard deviation) aerosolscattering coefficients ( σsp , 550 nm) of theparticulates with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5  µ m (PM 2.5) at these three sites were sequentially 101.5  ±  36.8,182.2  ±  433.1, and 54.0  ±  32.0 Mm −1 .Correspondingly, the absorption coefficients ( σap , 637 nm) were 9.7  ±  6.1, 6.0  ±  4.6, and 2.3  ±  0.9 Mm −1 ; single-scatteringalbedos ( ω , 637 nm) were 0.902  ±  0.025,0.931  ±  0.037, and 0.949  ±  0.020; andscattering Angstrom exponents ( Asp ,450–700 nm) of PM 2.5 were 1.28  ±  0.27,0.77  ±  0.51, and 0.52  ±  0.31. During asevere dust storm in Zhangye (i.e., from 23 to 25 April), the highest valuesof σ sp 2.5 ( ∼  5074 Mm −1) , backscattering coefficient ( σ bsp 2.5 , ∼  522 Mm −1) , and ω637 ( ∼  0.993) and the lowest values ofbackscattering fraction ( b2.5 , ∼  0.101) at 550 nm and A sp 2.5 ( ∼ − 0.046) at 450–700 nm, with peak values of aerosol number size distribution(appearing at the particle diameter range of 1–3  µ m), exhibited thatthe atmospheric aerosols were dominated by coarse-mode dust aerosols. It ishypothesized that the relatively higher values of mass scattering efficiency during floating dustepisodes in Wuwei and Zhangye are attributed to the anthropogenic soil dustproduced by agricultural cultivations.

Optical and microphysical properties of natural mineral dust and anthropogenic soil dust near dust source regions over northwestern China