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. Aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) is examined using 10 years ofdata from the MODIS/Terra (morning orbit) and MODIS/Aqua (afternoon orbit)satellites. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud properties retrieved fromboth sensors are used to explore in a statistical sense themorning-to-afternoon variation of cloud properties in conditions with lowand high AOD, over both land and ocean. The results show that theinteraction between aerosol particles and clouds is more complex and ofgreater uncertainty over land than over ocean. The variation ind(Cloud_X), defined as the mean change in cloud propertyCloud_X between the morning and afternoon overpasses inhigh-AOD conditions minus that in low-AOD conditions, is different over land andocean. This applies to cloud droplet effective radius (CDR), cloud fraction(CF) and cloud top pressure (CTP), but not to cloud optical thickness (COT)and cloud liquid water path (CWP). Both COT and CWP increase over land andocean after the time step, irrespective of the AOD. However, the initial AODconditions can affect the amplitude of variation of COT and CWP. The effectsof initial cloud fraction and meteorological conditions on the change in CFunder low- and high-AOD conditions after the 3 h time step over land arealso explored. Two cases are considered: (1) when the cloud cover increasesand (2) when the cloud cover decreases. For both cases, we find that almost allvalues of d(CF) are positive, indicating that the variations of CF arelarger in high AOD than that in low AOD after the 3 h time step. Theresults also show that a large increase in cloud fraction occurs when scenesexperience large AOD and stronger upward motion of air parcels. Furthermore,the increase rate of cloud cover is larger for high AOD with increasing relative humidity(RH) when RH is larger than 20 %. We also find that a smaller increase in cloudfraction occurs when scenes experience larger AOD and larger initial cloudcover. Overall, the analysis of the diurnal variation of cloud propertiesprovides a better understanding of aerosol–cloud interaction over land andocean.

Satellite-based estimate of the variability of warm cloud properties associated with aerosol and meteorological conditions